A Reflection On Public Administration Essay - 5906 Words

Posttraditional Public Administration Since the linguistic turn, sparked in the late 1960s by such theorists as Jacques Lacan and Michel Foucault, interesting normative and methodological challenges for the policy sciences have emerged. A posttraditional society is often characterized as an individualized society because individuals are increasingly required to construct their own lives. To begin, a posttraditional society refers to both modernity and its reverberation postmodernity. Modernity, in a general sense, refers to institutions and modes of behavior. Anthony Giddens (1991) writes, â€Å"modernity is a post-traditional order, in which the question, ‘How shall I live?’ has to be answered in day-to-day decisions about how to behave, what to wear, what to eat – and many other things – as well as interpreted within the temporal unfolding of self-identity† (p. 14). According to Giddens, there are four main discourses of modernity: industrialism is the social relations implied in the widespread use of material power and machinery in production processes; capitalism is a system of commodity production involving competition and commodification; surveillance is the supervisory control of subject populations, whether this takes â€Å"the form of ‘visible’ supervision in Foucault’s sense†, or use of information; and organization is the regularized control of social relations across â€Å"indefinite time-space distances† (pp. 14-16). There are also three elements of modern social life –Show MoreRelatedPublic Administration Reflection1015 Words   |  5 Pageshow often public administration affects how people, including myself, function in society. Public administration plays a role in every aspect of life; which includes walking to your mailbox to retrieve mail for the day, driving to work every morning in slow traffic due to construction being done, or even simply receiving an education . That all includes interacting with street level bureaucrats, and they are essential to everyday life. With my profound understanding of public administration values,Read MoreReflection on How Master of Science in Public Administration Influenced My Opinions1697 Words   |  7 PagesMy thoughts of public service prior to the MSPA program? My thoughts about public service before I entered the Master of Science in Public Administration (MSPA) program at California State University, Los Angeles (CSULA), were most likely different from those of someone who received an undergraduate degree in Public Administration. My undergraduate degree was in Criminal Justice, and my thoughts of public service were conceived from my personal interactions I had with public service agencies andRead MoreHuman Rights And Public Administration Essay939 Words   |  4 Pageshuman rights and the part it plays in public administration. In addition, this paper will look at the potential ramifications that human rights writing may have for public administrators. Human Rights Reflection Paper Human rights and its role in public administration go hand in hand. I will offer reflection of human rights and its role in public administration. I will also examine the potential implications that human rights literature might have for public administrators. This paper will includeRead MoreHuman Rights And Public Administration Essay955 Words   |  4 Pageshuman rights and the part it plays in public administration. In addition, this paper will look at the potential ramifications that human rights writing may have for public administrators. Human Rights Reflection Paper Human rights and its role in public administration go hand in hand. I will offer reflection of human rights and its role in public administration. I will also examine the potential implications that human rights literature might have for public administrators. This paper will includeRead MoreIs There a Philippine Public Administration1548 Words   |  7 PagesPhilippine Public Administration, he negatively stated that there is a Philippine public administration by repeatedly stating, Its all very Filipino. He even stated that ...the existing public administration is faithfully Filipino.. I must agree with his statement because indeed, a Philippine public administration exists, I believe in terms of structure. I would like to quote Alex Brillantes, Jr. and Maricel Fernandez on their statement. Yes we have basic public administration structuresRead MoreMachiavelli In American Politics934 Words   |  4 Pagesenter a discussion about the American political process. In one respect, our electoral cycle differentiates the United States significantly from the feudal hierarchy of 16th Century Italy. In another respect though, a reflection on the wholesale corruption of the former Bush administration may suggest otherwise. Today, it may be argued that many conservative and Republican political figures closely resemble Machiavelli in their espoused extremism but in fact, differ from the philosopher in their overallRead MoreThe Importance Of Individualized Learning Activities For Students773 Words   |  4 Pagesstudent in the learning process. Student engagement is key to s uccess which is acquired through culturally relevant teaching, accessing prior knowledge and individualized, specific and intentional work. I make reflection a part of my teaching practice, including self-reflections and reflections on lessons. I believe in creating an environment of respect and rapport and using preventive and positive behavior strategies. It is essential for teachers to be involved in the school community, whether thatRead MoreReview : Outer Experience 1227 Words   |  5 Pagesrequires 1) recognizing that in in almost every organization, there are varying interests, 2) figuring out point of view of managers and employees, 3) understanding the need for power (Pfeffer 45). Wamsley and Zald devote their article to a public administration theory using the political economy approach. The authors treat organizations as social systems - dynamic, adapting, and internally differentiated (63). The political economy approach examines legitimacy and distribution of power as they affectRead MoreA Reflection On Government And Its Role On Markets And The Economy986 Words   |  4 PagesRUNNING HEAD: Reflection #1 A Reflection on Government and Its Role on Markets and the Economy Chris Surfus Western Michigan University School of Public Affairs and Administration PADM-6650 Public Policy: Theory and Research Professor Dr. Udaya Waglà © January 27, 2015 A Reflection on Government and Its Role on Markets and the Economy The authors of the literature discuss the roles of the government and the market, and that is what this reflection will entail.Read MoreSample Resume For A Public School Program816 Words   |  4 Pagessetting priorities is challenging. Our budget analyst is extremely helpful in guiding us through the maze of proper procedure when making request to access funds. Having taught in public school for many years, it was a challenging transition because there are funds available for expenditures that are impossible in public schools, however accessing them is requires planning and careful attention to detail. The most effective recommendation that can be made for staff in conducting operations is to

Legal an Ethical Issues in Nursing Essay - 872 Words

Title: Ethical and Legal issues in Nursing paper Student Name: Aleyamma John, RN Course Name/Number: NUR/391 Due Date: Mar 21, 2011 Instructor Name: Dolores Martinez Nurses are facing many legal or ethical dilemmas in their career. Nurses should combine knowledge of ethical and legal aspects of health care and professional values into nursing practice. It is very essential to know what kind of dilemmas nurses may face during their profession and how they have been dealt with in the past. First, it is very essential for the nurses to know the difference between law and ethics. Ethics observes the values and actions of people. On the other hand, laws are necessary rules of conduct. When laws are broken down, it is†¦show more content†¦Past research has discovered that managers react to ethical dilemmas according to the situation. If specific values that are related to ethical behavior can be identified, they would offer strong tools for managers who want to retain high standards of ethical behavior in their society. The issue of ethical decision making has become more important in recent years for a variety of reasons. An understanding of ethical decision making in organizations is more significant to the development of organizational science. Managers engage in decision-making behavior affecting the lives and well-being of others. The individual responds to an ethical dilemma with cognitions determined by his or her cognitive moral development stage. As a nurse it has happened to be an essential need to be conscious of the legal aspects associated with caring and serving people in the health industry today. Unfortunately, only fewer people want to get into the health care field fearing the legal aspects and the predictable law suits. The Tort Law is one of the legal aspects of the law that most nurses is more familiar with. This is the law that involved misconduct and negligence cases, which many nurses take the time to study in depth. This is one of the most universal and well-known laws, something that nurses and doctors must be familiar with, to maintain their care resourcefully. NursesShow MoreRelatedEthical and Legal Issues in Nursing956 Words   |  4 PagesETHICAL AND LEGAL ISSUES OF Nursing Many confusing factors make it a task to establish, monitor and sustain ethical and legal issues in nursing. Everyone has various personal views based on experiences of life, religion, education and political affiliations, all nurses should be aware about nursing laws and ethics and understand how nursing legal issues can affect them. The American Nurses Association (ANA) Code of Ethics is very influential to nurses because it is used as a framework for makingRead MoreEthical and Legal Issues in Nursing1221 Words   |  5 PagesEthical and Legal Issues in Nursing University of Phoenix Nursing 391 Ethical and Legal Issues in Nursing Marianne, the 79-year old woman who presented with a hemorrhagic stroke in a recent case study, brings up thought for ethical debate. Her outlook is poor, with or without surgery, and she has no advanced directive. Her husband and children cannot come to an agreement on whether life support should end or if all resuscitative measures should be attempted. The following paper will discussRead MoreLegal And Ethical Issues Of Nursing1993 Words   |  8 Pages Legal and Ethical Issues in Nursing NSG 4070 Week 5 Assignment 2 South University Clark, S. â€Æ' Introduction Judie has been a faithful employee for the past ten years of the hospital she is employed at. For several months, Judie has been experiencing feelings of frustration and dissatisfaction in her position as nurse manager. Her concerns are both for her professional career as well as how it directly impacts her personal life. Judie feels that the organization is demanding moreRead MoreLegal And Ethical Issues Of Nursing Practice1464 Words   |  6 PagesLegal and Ethical issues in nursing Introduction The aim of this essay is to discuss the legal and ethical issues in nursing practice about gaining consent and why it is important. The meaning of consent will be explained and barriers that might prevent obtaining a valid consent from patients. In addition, there are five elements of consent that needs to be considered when obtaining consent: competence, disclosure, confidentiality, understanding and voluntariness; this will be discussed. AccordingRead More Professional, Ethical and Legal issues in nursing Essay2252 Words   |  10 Pagespromotes, advocates for and strives to protect the heath, safety and right of the patient† (p. 6). Nursing responsibilities should be acted at the highest standard and must be based on legal and ethical obligations. Healthcare provider’s perception and judgment in the patient’s well being as well as taking into account the right of the patient in every action is one of the key elements in nursing practice. International Council of Nurses (ICN), (2006) states â€Å"The nurse at all times maintains standardsRead MoreProfessional, Ethical Legal Issues in Nursing Practice3760 Words   |  16 PagesSingapore Nursing Board Standards for Nursing Practice defines that Nurses/midwives have the professional responsibility and accountability to uphold Standard of care and to contribute to their dissemination, interpretation and development despite medical advances, social and demographic changes and an increasingly complex healthcare delivery system that challenge the ability of nurses to provide safe quality of care. Should nurses fail to uphold certain standards and by doing so cause harm or injuryRead MoreThe Legal And Ethical Issues Of Nursing Practice About Gaining Consent And Why It Is Important1401 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction This essay aims to discuss the legal and ethical issues in nursing practice about gaining consent and why it is important. The meaning of consent will be explained and barriers that might prevent obtaining a valid consent from patients. In addition, there are five elements of consent that needs to be considered when obtaining consent: competence, disclosure, confidentiality, understanding and voluntariness; this will be discussed. According to the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) (2015)Read MoreEthical and Legal Problems Faced by Nurse Practioner1459 Words   |  6 PagesEthical and Legal Problems Faced by Nurse Practitioners HCA322: Health Care Ethics amp; Medical Law (BGE1226A) Instructor: Eugene Elliott Cara Gerlach 7/23/12 Ethical and Legal Problems Faced by Nurse Practitioners Every medical professional has or will face some ethical and legal issues in the Medical Field, the Nurse Practitioners (NP) are no different. Fant stated that in an ethical dilemma there are no right answers or solutions; however, in these dilemmas there are no wrong answers eitherRead MoreTechnology Applications For Nursing Care995 Words   |  4 Pagesa Necessity in Health Care 5 2.3 The Open Source Soft Ware In Nursing 5 2.4 Physiologic Monitoring System 5 2.5 The Significance of Technology Applications to Nursing Care. 5 2.6 Electronic Health Record 6 2.7 Future Uses of Telehealth 6 2.8 Legal and Ethical Aspects 6 2.9 Ethical, and Professional Issues In Information Security 6 2.10 Ethical Applications in Informatics 7 3.0 Critical Evaluation: 7 3.1 PERSONAL LIFE: 7 3.1.1 Nursing Informatics as a Specialty 7 3.1.2 Use of Computers a NecessityRead MoreLegal, Ethical, And Policy Issues1392 Words   |  6 Pages Legal, Ethical, and Policy Issues, Oh My! Julia Colasurdo SUNY College of Technology at Alfred State Abstract Legal, ethical, and policy issues are an important aspect of nursing and medical informatics. Nurses should be aware of the dilemmas facing the use of informatics in the health care facilities. It is important to note the legal issues facing nursing because of the charges of negligence that can be incurred on the nurse if not aware. Ethical dilemmas of privacy including security

The Life

The Life-Span Developmental Approach to Counseling Essay The life-span development approach addresses the basic nature versus nurture debate by allowing for both. Just as our physicals selves are determined by both genetics and lifestyle, so are our emotional selves. As a Licensed Professional Counselor, I plan to consider life-span development to specialize in counseling a specific type of person with hopes of becoming well-versed, and therefore more helpful, in the types of experiences that group faces. Personality can be better understood if it is examined developmentally (Santrock, 2006, p. 45). Considering cognitive, biological, and socioemotional development throughout life will provide context, guideposts, and reasonable expectations for counselors. Life-span development theories also provide a useful place to start when offering emotional support as a counselor. Understanding an individuals previous stages of development and environment can give a counselor and individual a common place from which to start counseling. Most of the developmental theorists discussed in section one of SantrockSigmund Freud, Jean Piaget, Lev Vygotsky, Konrad Lorenz, and to an extent B. F. Skinnerfocused mostly on early or childhood development. Early development, when considered in a life-span context of development, can give an LPC insight in an individuals personality. Regardless of specialization, a counselor can weigh early behaviors against his or her contemporary observations, giving them a fuller context. Actual development requires more than genetic loading: an environment (Santrock, 2006, p. 98). Two cognitive developmental theories support Santrocks assertion of environmental influence on early development. First, Piagets cognitive developmental theory defines how a person behaves as how a person adapts to his or her environment. An individuals behavior is an adaptive process driven by a biological drive to obtain balance between schemes and the environment (Huitt and Hummel, 2003). This theory states that development is a byproduct linking and relating our experiences to each other, starting with general environmental knowledge, until a persons cognitive ability is composed of more abstract reasoning. The second cognitive theory emphasizes social and cultural environment. Vygotskys theory points to our relationships with others as the definitions of ourselves (Nicholl, 1998, par. 13). Two other theories of early development link environment with biology. Sandra Scarr, a behavior geneticist, theorizes that heredity and environment are correlated. Author Judith Harris theorizes that heredity and peer environment are the sole factors in a persons development, and therefore parents have no affect on the development of their children. The life-span perspective should probably make room for familial environment: family of origin and family of choice. Assuming Harris is correct, a life-span approach to counseling will allow that children and spouses do influence an adults development. Environmental factors on a micro level feature the nuclear family; macro-level factors can include social mores, regional cultural norms, and even national identity. Santrock points out that each of these factors influences our understanding of children and adults and informs our decisions as a society about how they should be treated (2006, p. 9). A counselor can guide a person to examining the correlation between environment and societal attitudes, and then the impact on his or her own development. Providing a social support such as counseling from a life-span perspective must include physical context. Age is an obvious, but significant, biological concern. Eriksons theory of development defines periods throughout our lives by eight common crises. The stages continue until death, although each stage has an optimal time (Boeree, 1997, par. 27). Familiarity with each stages crisis is the foundation of counseling from a life-span development perspective. Focusing on one stages crisis is the foundation to specialization in a counseling practice. Helping an individual understand their current crisis may offer many reassurances, but specifically realizing that every stage of life has an optimal time. He or she will develop toward each new stage, building upon and learning from the previous stages. With a focus on a life-long growth process, a counselor can help an individual benefit from even the developmental tasks he or she feels were resolved unsuccessfully. .u9c6fc044e2048274a115e178bcd0fb10 , .u9c6fc044e2048274a115e178bcd0fb10 .postImageUrl , .u9c6fc044e2048274a115e178bcd0fb10 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9c6fc044e2048274a115e178bcd0fb10 , .u9c6fc044e2048274a115e178bcd0fb10:hover , .u9c6fc044e2048274a115e178bcd0fb10:visited , .u9c6fc044e2048274a115e178bcd0fb10:active { border:0!important; } .u9c6fc044e2048274a115e178bcd0fb10 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9c6fc044e2048274a115e178bcd0fb10 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9c6fc044e2048274a115e178bcd0fb10:active , .u9c6fc044e2048274a115e178bcd0fb10:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9c6fc044e2048274a115e178bcd0fb10 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9c6fc044e2048274a115e178bcd0fb10 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9c6fc044e2048274a115e178bcd0fb10 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9c6fc044e2048274a115e178bcd0fb10 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9c6fc044e2048274a115e178bcd0fb10:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9c6fc044e2048274a115e178bcd0fb10 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9c6fc044e2048274a115e178bcd0fb10 .u9c6fc044e2048274a115e178bcd0fb10-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9c6fc044e2048274a115e178bcd0fb10:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Is curley's wife a victim Essay Gender roles is another example of biological factors shaping development. Eriksons theory assigns the early adult developmental period an intimacy versus isolation crisis. Huitt (1997) compares this stage to the early adult crisis defined in the Bingham-Stryker model, outlined in the 1995 book Things will be different for .

The Content and Influencer Marketing Overlap How to Use Both Together and to Your Advantage

The Content and Influencer Marketing Overlap: How to Use Both Together and to Your Advantage Having an influencer marketing strategy and a content marketing plan are not opposites, yet the two options are often pitted against one another. This conflict truly boils down to resource allocation. Most businesses have a finite amount of money to spend on marketing campaigns. For every dollar you spend on content marketing, you have to take one away from influencer marketing and vice versa. CortezTextbroker Marketing and CommunicationsWhile there are many different marketing strategies that can be effective, two of the most compelling are content marketing and influencer marketing. Ideally, both strategies can work together, complement one another and contribute to a comprehensive marketing approach. Unfortunately, the two strategies are often considered opposing tactics. The best results appear when marketers are able to utilize elements of both strategies and combine the best of content marketing and influencer marketing in their campaigns. The Benefits of Combining Content Mar keting and Influencer Strategies Whether you run your own business, youre a marketing professional or youre a social media manager, youll be familiar with a wide range of marketing strategies. Its no secret that content marketing is king, and using content is one of the most effective ways to increase an audience organically. At the same time, influencer marketing is rapidly picking up steam as a means of connecting with an audience via an influencer that audience already knows and trusts.Choosing one strategy doesnt mean that you have to abandon the other. In fact, youll likely receive the best results by combining the two. Content marketing and influencer marketing can achieve many of the same goals, and they even overlap in several key ways. What Are the Benefits of Content Marketing? Content marketing is a type of inbound marketing. Essentially, it moves away from the traditional forms of in-your-face advertising and seeks to inform and add value to the lives of users naturally. By creating and distributing more content, youll be able to appear as a leader within your industry. You can also be more active on social media because you always have something to share and something to contribute to the conversation.Content marketing is beneficial because it increases your web traffic as well. While you might have some direct traffic online, content marketing can bring in a new audience of users who are searching for related information. After typing what trees to plant in South Carolina?, a user might find your content and click on it. If you have a greenhouse and nursery in Columbia, South Carolina, then youve just established a great connection with a potential client. With this approach, interested users find you, rather than the other way around. What Are the Benefits of Influencer Marketing? Another common marketing strategy is known as influencer marketing. This approach uses influencers, or leaders within certain niche areas, to promote a brand, product or idea. On a macro scale, celebrities like Kylie Jenner and makeup artist Huda Kattan make hundreds of thousands of dollars in a single Instagram post. However, not all influencers are paid so much, and many have significantly smaller audiences.The benefits of influencer marketing include having a non-business voice to speak about your brand. If there is an influencer in your city who is active on social media, they could promote your brand to a local audience. Often, influencers have a much larger audience on social media than your business brand, so you can increase brand awareness with a single post. If you choose an influencer who is trusted by your desired audience, it can also encourage more sales, conversions or follows for you in the future. The Conflict Between Content Marketing and Influencer Strategies Having an influencer marketing strategy and a content marketing plan are not opposites, yet the two options are often pitted against one another. This conflict truly boils down to resource allocation. Most businesses have a finite amount of money to spend on marketing campaigns. For every dollar you spend on content marketing, you have to take one away from influencer marketing and vice versa.It is important to note that you dont have to allocate your budget to one approach or the other. You can divide your resources as they are needed in order to create a strategy that includes both influencer marketing and content marketing. The two strategies are not conflicting, and there is no reason why any business should be forced to choose between the two. Is One Approach Truly Better Than the Other? In a word, no. It would be a mistake to say categorically that one strategy is always better than the other. However, in some cases one strategy could definitely be preferable. For example, a B2B corporation will probably benefit from content marketing more than influencer marketing. On the other hand, a youthful clothing brand might see greater results from in fluencer marketing.In the vast majority of cases, however, a combination of strategies will work best. An influencer can amplify your content, but your content showcases that youre a reputable, proven brand. When both strategies are employed, your business will have a stronger strategy. Exploring the Overlap Between Content Marketing and Influencer Marketing So far, content marketing and influencer marketing have been classified as two different strategies. In reality, there is a lot more overlap than most businesses expect. To start, both strategies will rely on content. Even with an influencer marketing strategy, your chosen influencer wont necessarily have total control over the message. You can contribute ideas or include keywords and phrases that represent the voice and feel of your brand. An influencer might recommend existing content or be inspired by it when sharing your message.Both strategies can also give you a boost on social media platforms. Sharing your existing conten t boosts views and clicks, but so can links from influencers. Similarly, both strategies require you to refine your brand image. If you are a tractor manufacturer, you need to create content that meets that image and find influencers that are seen by your desired audience. This is largely introspective, but it can be incredibly helpful as brands develop their voice through increased marketing. Developing Your Own Influencer and Content Marketing Strategy Once youve decided to embrace both an influencer and a content marketing strategy, it is time to get started and explore the details. Typically, it is recommended that businesses create stand-alone strategies and then combine them cohesively into one overarching marketing approach. Creating a Content Marketing Strategy The first step in the process of creating a strategy for content marketing is defining your goals. Once you have defined your goals, you can begin to put together a calendar featuring the types of content that will ma ke the biggest impact with your audience.Often, business owners say they dont know what kind of content their audiences want to see. If thats the case for you, then take a look at your inbox. What are potential customers asking questions about? What are their biggest pain points? What is the most common reason for a customer to be unhappy with your product or service? All of these common questions can spark content ideas. At the same time, look at the content of your closest competitors. You may be able to identify what is working for them as well as what mistakes you might want to avoid for your own content marketing plan.Finally, you can decide who will create your content, how frequently you will create content and how you will distribute content. You may opt to write three blog posts a week, and you could then share those blog posts on Facebook as well as through an email marketing campaign. Creating an Influencer Marketing Strategy Next, youll want to create an influencer strat egy. Although it might feel intuitive to start by looking for influencers, a better plan is to outline your goals. Some possible goals for your influencer strategy might include the following:†¢ Increased followers on Facebook or Instagram †¢ Greater brand recognition †¢ Link building back to your primary website †¢ Increased traffic to a specific page or blog post †¢ Potential leads and increased salesOnce you have defined your goals, you can start to explore the various influencers that could be a good fit for your strategy. Your budget will play a big role in this decision. Some influencers are paid large sums of cash in exchange for a sponsored post, a shout out or an endorsement. However, you can also pay smaller influencers with free products. You can also offer affiliate codes so that when every one of their audience members makes a purchase, the influencer earns a small profit. This creates an incentive for them to promote your brand further. You wil l also need to determine whether your influencer will have creative control over the message or whether you need the final say. Developing a Combined and Cohesive Marketing Strategy The key word to remember when combining your influencer and content marketing strategies is amplification. The ideal influencer strategy will amplify your content strategy, and your content strategy will amplify your influencer strategy. To capitalize on brand recognition and increased traffic thanks to an influencer, for example, make sure youre staying active on social media. Youll probably see increased engagement during an influencer campaign.At the same time, make sure your website is functioning well and that you have your content plan up and running. Ensure that new visitors and subscribers have easy access to updated, relevant and timely content.You can also have your content refer back to an influencer. Dont be afraid to mention your influencer in your content or share their videos, posts and ph otos. This is yet another way to capitalize on the relationship you have with the influencer, and it lends credibility to your brand for new users who are very familiar with the influencer but not your company.There is significant overlap between an influencer marketing strategy and a strategy for content marketing. Businesses need not choose one over the other. In fact, the best and most comprehensive approach usually involves elements of both strategies. Content can amplify influencer campaigns, and a relationship with an influencer can boost your content. The two approaches dont conflict with one another, and they can enhance your marketing strategy in a number of beneficial ways.

Hieronymous Bosch essays

Hieronymous Bosch essays Hieronymous Bosch nacio en entre 1940 y 1943, en Hertogenbosch, una puebla en la provincia del Brabante en Holland. Su nombre real fue Jeroen van Aken, pero us su otro nombre Jheronimus Bosch, probablamente porque el lugar donde nacio se significa la selva del (duke). Su abuelo, sus tios, y su padre fueron artistas tambien y es possible que ellos influyeron Jeroen tambien. Fue una surrealista del siglo quince. Bosch vivio en Hertongenbosch para toda su vida. Su familia fue Catolico Romano y sus obras reflejan su religion. No hay informacion de los detales de su vida, excepto que Bosch se caso a una mujer rica en su pueblo se llama Aleyt Goyerts van den Meervenne quien fue mas viejo de el, y ellos vivieron en el pueblo mismo para mucha de su vida. Fue parte de un grupo de los Adamites, quien practicaron (sexual promiscuity). Su influencia fue de su religion, y muchos de sus temas fue de (Heaven and Hell), los santos, el passion de Jesus Christo, y maligno. Pinto para muchas iglesias como la Catedral del Santo Juan en Hertongenbosch. Su tema de los espiritus malos es un producto de el surrealismo de La Media Epoca. Uso un estilo se llama alla prima, un estilo donde se pinto sobre un fondo del cafe. Bosch no lo firma ningunas de sus obras. Las pinturas de Hieronymous Bosch son del norte del Europa. Fue un pintor de originalidad y brillante de la Edad Media. Solo un poco de su vida se conoce ahora. Hieronymous Bosch tuvo un talento individual y complejo. Él fue un creador de los diablos y un inventor de cosas sin sentido con motivos satà ­ricos. Él demostr el discernimiento de la mente humana y una habilidad para crear sà ­mbolos de la vida y la creacin. Bosch fue un pesimista, y un moralista que no tuvo confianza en la benevolencia de un mundo que estaba corrompido por el genero humano. Sus pi...

Conversation Topics for College Office Hours

Conversation Topics for College Office Hours Its no secret: college professors can be intimidating. After all, theyre super smart and in charge of your education- not to mention your grades. That being said, of course, college professors can also be really interesting, really engaging people. Your professors likely encourage you to come speak with them during office hours. And you may, in fact, have a question or two youd like to ask. If youd like a few additional topics to have on hand for your conversation, consider any of the following  things to talk to your professor about: Your Current Class If youre currently taking a class with a professor, you can easily talk about the class. What do you like about it? What do you find really interesting and engaging? What do the other students like about it? What recently happened in class that youd like more information on, that you found helpful, or that was just plain funny? An Upcoming Class If your professor is teaching a class next semester or next year that youre interested in, you can easily talk about it. You can ask about the reading load, what kinds of topics will be covered, what expectations the professor has for the class and for students taking the class, and even what the syllabus will look like. A Previous Class You Really Enjoyed Theres nothing wrong with talking to a professor about a previous class you took with him or her that you really enjoyed. You can talk about what specifically you found interesting and ask if your professor can suggest other classes or supplemental reading so that you can pursue your interests further. Graduate School Options If youre thinking about graduate school- even just a tiny bit- your professors can be great resources for you. They can talk to you about different programs of study, what youre interested in, what graduate schools would be a good match for your interests, and even what life as a graduate student is like. Employment Ideas It could be that you absolutely love botany but have no idea what you can do with a botany degree once you graduate. A professor can be a great person to talk to about your options (in addition to the career center, of course). Additionally, they may know of internships, job opportunities, or professional contacts that can help you along the way. Anything Covered in Class That You Loved If you recently went over a topic or theory in class that you absolutely loved, mention it to your professor! It will undoubtedly be rewarding for him or her to hear about, and you can find out more about a topic you didnt know youd love. Anything Youre Struggling With in Class Your professor can be a great- if not the best- resource for getting clarity or more information about something youre struggling with. Additionally, a one-on-one conversation with your professor can provide you with an opportunity to walk through an idea and ask questions in a way that you simply cannot do in a large lecture hall. Academic Difficulties If youre facing larger academic struggles, dont be too afraid to mention it to a professor you like. He or she might have some ideas to help you out, might be able to connect you with resources on campus (like tutors or an academic support center), or just might give you a great pep talk that helps your refocus and recharge. Personal Problems That Are Impacting Your Academics While professors arent counselors, its still important for you to let them know about any personal problems youre facing that might be having an effect on your academics. If someone in your family is very sick, for example, or if youre financially struggling because of an unexpected change in financial status, it might be helpful for your professor to know. Additionally, it can be wise to mention these kinds of situations to your professor when they first appear instead of when they become a problem. How Current Events Connect With the Course Material Many times, the material(s) covered in class are large theories and concepts that dont always seem like they connect to your day-to-day life. In reality, however, they often do. Feel free to talk with your professor about current events and how they might connect to what youre learning in class. A Letter of Recommendation If youre doing well in class and you think your professor likes and respects your work, consider  asking your professor for a letter of recommendation  if you need one. Letters of recommendation that have been written by professors can be especially helpful when youre applying for certain types of internships or even graduate school or research opportunities. Study Tips It can be all too easy to forget that professors were once undergraduate students, too. And just like you, they likely had to learn  how to study at the college level. If youre struggling with study skills, talk to your professor about what theyd recommend. This can be an especially helpful and important conversation to have before an important midterm or final, too. Resources on Campus That Can Help Academically Even if your professor wants to help you more, he or she might simply not have the time. Consider, then, asking your professor about other academic support resources that you can use, like a specific upper-class or graduate-level student whos a great tutor or a great TA who offers extra study sessions. Scholarship Opportunities Your professor undoubtedly receives regular mailings and emails about scholarship opportunities for students interested in certain academic fields. Consequently, checking in with your professors about any scholarship opportunities they know about might easily result in some helpful leads that you might otherwise not find out about. Jop Opportunities True, the career center and your own professional network can be your main sources of job leads. But professors can also be a great resource to tap into. Make an appointment with your professor to talk generally about your job hopes or options as well as what connections your professor might know about. You never know what former students they still keep in touch with, what organizations they volunteer with, or what other connections they may have to offer. Dont let your nervousness about talking with your professors disconnect you from what could be a great future job!

Conversation Topics for College Office Hours

Conversation Topics for College Office Hours Its no secret: college professors can be intimidating. After all, theyre super smart and in charge of your education- not to mention your grades. That being said, of course, college professors can also be really interesting, really engaging people. Your professors likely encourage you to come speak with them during office hours. And you may, in fact, have a question or two youd like to ask. If youd like a few additional topics to have on hand for your conversation, consider any of the following  things to talk to your professor about: Your Current Class If youre currently taking a class with a professor, you can easily talk about the class. What do you like about it? What do you find really interesting and engaging? What do the other students like about it? What recently happened in class that youd like more information on, that you found helpful, or that was just plain funny? An Upcoming Class If your professor is teaching a class next semester or next year that youre interested in, you can easily talk about it. You can ask about the reading load, what kinds of topics will be covered, what expectations the professor has for the class and for students taking the class, and even what the syllabus will look like. A Previous Class You Really Enjoyed Theres nothing wrong with talking to a professor about a previous class you took with him or her that you really enjoyed. You can talk about what specifically you found interesting and ask if your professor can suggest other classes or supplemental reading so that you can pursue your interests further. Graduate School Options If youre thinking about graduate school- even just a tiny bit- your professors can be great resources for you. They can talk to you about different programs of study, what youre interested in, what graduate schools would be a good match for your interests, and even what life as a graduate student is like. Employment Ideas It could be that you absolutely love botany but have no idea what you can do with a botany degree once you graduate. A professor can be a great person to talk to about your options (in addition to the career center, of course). Additionally, they may know of internships, job opportunities, or professional contacts that can help you along the way. Anything Covered in Class That You Loved If you recently went over a topic or theory in class that you absolutely loved, mention it to your professor! It will undoubtedly be rewarding for him or her to hear about, and you can find out more about a topic you didnt know youd love. Anything Youre Struggling With in Class Your professor can be a great- if not the best- resource for getting clarity or more information about something youre struggling with. Additionally, a one-on-one conversation with your professor can provide you with an opportunity to walk through an idea and ask questions in a way that you simply cannot do in a large lecture hall. Academic Difficulties If youre facing larger academic struggles, dont be too afraid to mention it to a professor you like. He or she might have some ideas to help you out, might be able to connect you with resources on campus (like tutors or an academic support center), or just might give you a great pep talk that helps your refocus and recharge. Personal Problems That Are Impacting Your Academics While professors arent counselors, its still important for you to let them know about any personal problems youre facing that might be having an effect on your academics. If someone in your family is very sick, for example, or if youre financially struggling because of an unexpected change in financial status, it might be helpful for your professor to know. Additionally, it can be wise to mention these kinds of situations to your professor when they first appear instead of when they become a problem. How Current Events Connect With the Course Material Many times, the material(s) covered in class are large theories and concepts that dont always seem like they connect to your day-to-day life. In reality, however, they often do. Feel free to talk with your professor about current events and how they might connect to what youre learning in class. A Letter of Recommendation If youre doing well in class and you think your professor likes and respects your work, consider  asking your professor for a letter of recommendation  if you need one. Letters of recommendation that have been written by professors can be especially helpful when youre applying for certain types of internships or even graduate school or research opportunities. Study Tips It can be all too easy to forget that professors were once undergraduate students, too. And just like you, they likely had to learn  how to study at the college level. If youre struggling with study skills, talk to your professor about what theyd recommend. This can be an especially helpful and important conversation to have before an important midterm or final, too. Resources on Campus That Can Help Academically Even if your professor wants to help you more, he or she might simply not have the time. Consider, then, asking your professor about other academic support resources that you can use, like a specific upper-class or graduate-level student whos a great tutor or a great TA who offers extra study sessions. Scholarship Opportunities Your professor undoubtedly receives regular mailings and emails about scholarship opportunities for students interested in certain academic fields. Consequently, checking in with your professors about any scholarship opportunities they know about might easily result in some helpful leads that you might otherwise not find out about. Jop Opportunities True, the career center and your own professional network can be your main sources of job leads. But professors can also be a great resource to tap into. Make an appointment with your professor to talk generally about your job hopes or options as well as what connections your professor might know about. You never know what former students they still keep in touch with, what organizations they volunteer with, or what other connections they may have to offer. Dont let your nervousness about talking with your professors disconnect you from what could be a great future job!

Labor Issue Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Labor Issue - Essay Example The overall psyche of United States administrations is developed to cut off their budgets at all levels including federal, state, and local levels. One of the major actions that the administrations generally take being a quick step to cut the expenditures is the slashing of the jobs. This measure simply ends up in getting rid of the â€Å"excess fat† from the existing jobs. However, this step brings in more depression and disappointments especially among those who are the direct victims of such actions. The end results of laying offs can prove to be rather severe especially in those areas where there is no room for any dismissal, in fact, more personnel are required to fill the potentially vacant jobs. Laying offs may provide some temporary benefits to the administrations in short rum but in long run it can sabotage morale of the fired employees by and large. In United States, there are many important departments, which operate their functions under local level administrations. These departments play a significant role in the normal day-to-day operations at the local city level. Policing department and firefighting service departments are some of those departments, which perform their operations under the direct supervision of the local administration. As mentioned above, currently US government at all levels is quite reluctant to boost its economic activities and due to this fact, all the administrations taking all the necessary steps to keep the expenditure level at its minimum. The fiscal budget of Detroit City is aimed at reducing the expenditure by some $250 million with the job cut of around 2,600 employees working in the local departments (FireRescue1, 2012). As far as the firefighting department of Detroit City is concerned, the administration has aimed to cut around $160 million, which is around 13% of the budget. In the same way, the City Mayor of

Social work dessertation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Social work dessertation - Essay Example In relation to the use of alcohol, the evidence suggests that tendencies are heightened towards behaviour leading to violence when people are under the influence of alcohol. Alcohol related behaviour can be associated with violence and can be exhibited other behaviours in a number of ways or forms (Parker & Auerhahn, 1998). Even if violence only occurs under intoxication, individuals actively caught in the substance abuse cycle exhibit several other common behaviours. These include spending needed money on the substance of their choice, spending time away from family and neglecting to care for those who are dependent or have a common share in the family welfare. For many alcoholics, the deeds they have done in neglecting their families and supporting their habits may have proven too much to bear, driving them to further drink as a means of forgetting about them yet exacerbating the problem further by sinking more valued and required resources into the drink rather than the home (Good man, 2007). To shed some light into the scale of the problem, The Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs (ACMD), which was established under the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971, produced a three year inquiry report in 2003, which estimates for England and Wales to be around 200,000 to 300,000 children with one parent or both parents to have a harmful and problematic drug use. The report estimates these figures represent 2 to 3 per cent of children under the age of 16. A further report by the ACMD in (2007:5) recognises ‘that the impact of parental alcohol misuse on children has significant parallels with that of problem drug use†¦points to an increased sense of urgency for the impact of parental alcohol use on children and young people to be recognised and acted upon at UK Government policy level’. The report also recognises that parents

Benefits Of Family-Friendly Policies Essay Example for Free

Benefits Of Family-Friendly Policies Essay The past few decades, families in Hong Kong faced in undergone major changes, intense pace of life and hard work always affected families’ features. How to balance family life and work have become a social policy, in order to establish a family-friendly community, have implemented various measures to help employees balance their work and family lives, promote family relationship. In this essay, first I will explain these policies how to help with all aspects of employee, and then analysis of these measures on the employment benefit. Finally, pointed out that Hong Kong Government and the enterprises on how to implement these policies. Family-friendly employment may implement different policies to meet the needs of employees. Including the introduction of given family leave benefits, such as marriage leave, paternity leave, parental leave, compassionate leave, special casual leave and special long leave, etc (GovHK, n.d.). This measure will be through the height of the working environment and working arrangements to facilitate employees in taking care of family needs, such as the five-day working week, flexible work time and family-based work, and so on. The other hand will provide support to families, including child care services, counselling services, child custody etc. A Research Report prepared by the Department of Applied Social Sciences of The Hong Kong Polytechnic University is named â€Å"Family-Friendly Workplace† noted that Most respondents agreed or strongly agreed with implementing â€Å"family-friendly† policies. (Poly U, 2002) Family-friendly policies can also bring much benefits to company. In a supportive working environment, staffs will feel they are valued and employer will gain the benefit. Firstly, employer can reduce staff turnover and retain potential employee. On the other hand, many people were convinced that employees working flexible hours were more productive than those working traditional hours. This measure in addition to motivate employees, increase productivity, but also improved reputation and corporate image, therefore there are many large enterprises are involved in the implementation of these measures. In view of this, government and enterprises were organized a variety of measures and activities promoting family-friendly policies. The booklet prepared by the Labour Departments album â€Å"Good people management Family-Friendly Employment Practices† (labour.gov.hk, n.d.). Through a variety of good measures taken by the employer, may learn to provide for all instances. Research on Family-friendly Employment Policies and Practices in Hong Kong from The Equal Opportunities Commission (EOC) and the Womens Commission (WoC) (EOC 2006). They hope that through this survey, a better understanding in Hong Kong, companies or institutions can help employees balance their work and family roles provides programme needs. A Family-Friendly Employers Award Scheme 2011 was organised by the Family Council. The award scheme aims to give recognition to employers who attach importance to the spirit of family-friendliness (gov.hk, 2011). Through these activities, to undertake a study, to understand the profile of Hong Kong families, and building partnerships with Government, business and professional sectors, actively promote the industry cares family In this essay, I Have attempted to present suggest to implementation of family-friendly policies on families, or employers both have many favorable factors, together with the Hong Kong Government and the enterprises efforts, this measure would allow employers and employees there will be a win-win situation.

J.R.R. Tolkien Biography Essay -- J.R.R. Tolkien

J.R.R. Tolkien was born in South Africa, although he considered himself a British man throughout his adulthood. He experienced World War I firsthand in the trenches. He was a professor of Old English and other archaic languages and had a strong love for such languages. Tolkien also felt a strong tie for his homeland, England, and desired to create mythology for England. Tolkien was able to write the first modern fantasy novel through his life experiences and his love for archaic languages and British lore. Tolkien's mother, Mabel Suffield, left England in March of 1891 for South Africa to marry a man by the name of Arthur Tolkien. They had been engaged for years; however Mabel's father had denied Mabel her marriage due to her young age. Tolkien's father, Arthur Tolkien, had sailed to South Africa a few years earlier to try out his luck in the diamond discovery craze. Only a few short years later, Arthur and Mabel gave birth to a son, named none other than John Ronald Reuel. Tolkien lived in a village surrounded by wilderness in his first few years and faced several adventures. Three of his pinafores were chewed off by a monkey. He avoided several snakes. He stumbled upon a tarantula, and ran around until his nurse grabbed him and sucked out the poison. Perhaps this is why Tolkien includes poisonous spiders in his future tales (Carpenter 13). Mabel and Arthur gave birth to a second son, and within two years Arthur passed away from a severe case of rheumatic fever. After Arthur's death, Mabel and Tolkien's younger brother Hilary returned to England to the West Midlands of England. Tolkien was exposed to the rural and industrial sides of England. The area was heavily polluted and could be the reason for Tolkien... ...orld of JRR Tolkien. URL: http://www.indepthinfo.com/tolkien/biography.shtml (8 May 2005). Rosebury, Ryan. " Tolkien, J. R. R. ". The Literary Encyclopedia and Literary Dictionary. Ed. Robert Clark, Emory Elliott and Janet Todd. URL: http://www.litencyc.com/ (8 Jan. 2001). Tolkien, J.R.R. The Fellowship of the Ring. New York: Ballantine Books, 1977. Tolkien, J.R.R. The Hobbit. New York: Ballantine Books, 1977. Tolkien, J.R.R. The Return of the King. New York: Ballantine Books, 1977. Tolkien, J.R.R. The Two Towers. New York: Ballantine Books, 1977.

Sex Discrimination at Wal-Mart

Wal-Mart stores, the world’s biggest retailer, owns more than 4,000 stores, including 1,475discount stores 1750 Wal-Mart Supercenter combination discount and grocery stores and 540 Sam’s Club Warehouse stores. With close to two million employees worldwide, Wal-Mart is the biggest employment provider in the world. In this paper I am going to discuss; 1. What financial impact could the lawsuit potentially have on Wal-Mart? 2. What are the major moral complaints of the females suing Wal-Mart? Are these moral complaints are justified? Why? . What, if anything, should Wal-Mart do to correct these discrepancies? Should the company institute an â€Å"affirmative action† promotion program for female employees? If so, what should this program look like? 4. Do women deserve to win their lawsuit? Though Wal-Mart suffered lots of lawsuits which included child-labor, illegal immigrant workers, failure to pay over time charges the recent and major law suit they are facing now is the discrimination against female employees in promotions, pay, management training and job assignments.It was, therefore, a noteworthy event in June 2004 when a federal judge expanded a lawsuit filed by six California women to a class action. The case has now mushroomed to cover 1. 6 million women Wal-Mart workers, employed nationwide since 1988, making it, by far, the largest class action in U. S. history. What financial impact do you think lawsuit could potentially have on Wal-Mart? We all know, Wal-Mart is the biggest or largest retail store in the world. Naturally, their earning and employees are also more compared to other corporate.The lawsuit against the company was not the company needed when they were facing other legal issues such as the child labor and employment of illegal immigrants. The lawsuit was filed by six women who say women were treated lower than the male even if they acquired equal posts, qualification and experience. The news already reached every househo ld, street and public place thus bringing the name of the company down. This could have a huge impact on the company’s earnings and here we are not saying in terms of hundreds or thousands of dollars we mean millions and billions of dollars. Some of the impact could occur in the following forms: ?The six women who filed the case against Wal-Mart are not only asking the company pay for the unfair deed but also asking them to pay back and compensate for all 1. 6 female employees against whom Wal-Mart discriminated. This would cost the company a fortune because these 1. 6 female workers were entitled to promotions, salary increment, trainings and other such things. To compensate or reimburse that much amount for that much workers would surely have a huge and major impact on the company’s financial position. ?The other way how this lawsuit could affect the company’s financial position would be through the transaction or sales.Since major part of the shoppers constit utes women, after hearing what Wal-Mart has done and how women are treated at Wal-Mart they would certainly feel insecure and ripped off. They would turn their backs and look for a better place to shop. This would lead to a fall in sales and increase in competition. ?Other thing is the reputation and goodwill of the company. The lawsuit already has brought the name of the company down and on top of that if the company fails to win the case, then the company would suffer a huge fall of share in the market.They would even have to close most of the stores and start all over again which would be impossible looking at the current market situation and all the competition worldwide. ?And not to forget the turnover of workers or employees. Reaching this news of discrimination I personally believe that most of the women employees will quit their job, even those who did not experience the situation. So interviewing, selecting or recruiting those new employees would cost Wal-Mart another milli on. Moreover, those new employees would have no experience and would commit lots of errors.Training them would again add to the cost. What are the major moral complaints of the females suing Wal-Mart? Do you believe these moral complaints are justified? Why? The major moral complaints of females suing Wal-Mart in the case basically cover the discrimination against female employees. To point out what constitutes those complaints: ? Difference in the promotion scheme between male and female employees ? The lower payment of wages and salaries to female employees even they were at same level with male employees ? Unequal distribution of management training among the male and female employees ?Male allotted a better job assignment compared to women even they were equally qualified, ranked and experienced. Yes, I believe these complaints are justifiable because we can see from every point that women were not treated fairly and equally. It wasn’t that women lacked in anything or tha t they were unwilling to work, it was because they were woman. We can very well compete with men and in some cases may even prove better than them but it is act like this what is pulling the power of women down. The six women who sued Wal-Mart didn’t sue for nothing; they had physical proof and evidences of the discrimination laid upon them.Some of the evidences were found in the employees’ records where by Richard Drogin, a statistical expert found out that employees atWal-Mart were divided into two main groups, hourly employees who occupied the lower levels and salaried managers who occupied the higher levels. Compensation increases from one level tithe next. In 2001, salaried managers made about $50,000 a year while hourly employees made$18,000. Drogin found out that not only 65% of hourly employees were women but also 33% of salaried managers constituted women.So at both the point women earned less than man. When we also look upon the experience level, an average w oman was far more experienced than an average man because women worked or stuck there for longer than men. Women despite having other responsibilities like raising a kid or managing the home, they dedicate more where they work that is why they have less turnover rates. So this adds up to another reason why the lawsuit was appropriate or justifiable. It is strange but true; the performance rating of an average woman was much higher than of an average man.Drogin found out that be it in a cashier’s place, a manager’s place or a sales associate’s place women performed better than men. However women were paid about 5% to15% times less than men and on top of that fewer women got promoted to the next rank that too in a very long time whereas a man would get promoted within the speculated time or even less into the next post. Wal-Mart was fined $188,000 by the California Fair Employment and Housing Commission for violating California state law when it refused to reinsta te a woman after she completed her maternity leave.In addition, Wal-Mart also offers a pitifully small amount of paid sick time for working women, and requires employees to be available for shifts 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, making it extremely difficult for working mothers to schedule child care or take time off to care for a sick child. So the main point here is that at any angle or point we can see women were not treated fair and left to suffer. If women do not come together and fight for their rights when they have the opportunity then women will always remain a victim.Then there is no use shouting at the store or ourselves that we deserve more or we have earned it, it would be too late then. Besides the moral complaints by the female workers at Wal-Mart there were major issues involving the employees which were not noted earlier, some of the issues were: ? Wal-Mart pays low wages and appears to aggressively seek to keep wages down. On average, Wal-Mart workers earn an estima ted $8. 00/hour with a 32 hour work week. This equals $256 a week or $13,312 a year. The Federal poverty level for a family of threes $14,630. In contrast, union grocery workers earn on average 30% more. Charges have been made that older workers are laid off to bring in younger and cheaper employees. Some 40 lawsuits accuse Wal-Mart of a failure to pay overtime. ?It pulls wages and benefits down in other grocery stores. It lowers area standards. In some cases, it forces the closure of better paying firms. Business Week estimates for every Wal-Mart supercenter that opens, two other supermarkets will close. ?It pressures suppliers to make products more cheaply, putting pressure on wages, causing jobs to be moved overseas. Last year, it imported 12 billion in goods from China, 10% of US imports from that nation. Wal-Mart doesn’t produce new technology or innovations that improve the quality of life. It takes business from existing firms by offering the same merchandise cheaper. That’s all it does. So I believe it is not only justifiable but also rightful to file the lawsuit against such treatments. On top of that the evidences and statics are on the women’s side so therefore the lawsuit is 100% justifiable. What, if anything, do you think Wal-Mart should do to correct these discrepancies? Should the company institute an â€Å"affirmative action† promotion program for female employees?If so, what should this program be like? The problem was caused by the company, Wal-Mart so definitely they have to find a solution and try to correct their mistakes. They have already started working on the problem. Some of the initiatives they have taken are: ? They had posted â€Å"anti-discrimination† posters all over ? Women were allotted more responsibilities and representation in areas they were evaluated ? Women could enter salaried management jobs without having to relocate their homes. But since such initiatives were not firmly implemented some of them were forgone with the passage of time.Some of initiatives Wal-Mart could think of or adopt are: 1) Work Discrimination I am talking about the actual work or labor work. Women at Wal-Mart seem to be working at par with men but still they are not paid at par. To compensate for the women’s losses they could reduce their work time or they could allocate women to areas where minimum energy is required. For example they could work at displaying of items, as a cashier, and such places where not much of hard labor is required. 2) Facility such as Day Care Wal-Mart is one of the biggest retail all over the world and they have lots of property they own.If they established some Day care center for their employees especially the female employees then those employees who have kids can drop their kids in those center and work care free in the store. The center could be near the store and they could also charge some amount as charge but this could not only benefit the workers but also the company for could avoid unnecessary absenteeism. An association called the Women’s Association can be formed in every retail store so that female employees can come together to discuss their issues and forward suggestions and feedback.Such programs do not have to disturb their normal work time, it could be conducted once in every month or whenever major issues arise. 4) Equal Respect At Wal-Mart’s women were mostly looked down and not given the respect they deserve. Adwoman may be somebody’s mother, wife or sister. Men at Wal-Mart fail to see that and they criticized women of their looks, their past, future and their purpose in life. So therefore women should be given respect and treated equally. Yes definitely the company should institute an â€Å"affirmative action† in order to promote program for the female employees.From my point of view, since the company is based in the United States they should associate their program with the Statue o f Liberty. That statue denotes the power of women and it signifies the right to freedom for all the U. S citizens. The title or the main theme of such program could be â€Å"Liberty for Women† . Whereby they could stress the freedom to speak, advance and employment especially for the female workers. They could relate women to some famous figure such as the Mother Teresa or simply their own mom. On this particular day they could give all the female employees a one day holiday and let them embrace themselves.The company should however grant monetary compensation for this day. This way women employee could proudly say they work at Wal-Mart and dedicate completely to their work and avoid complaining. Some of the points they could keep in mind while pursuing such program could be as follows: ? The right and responsibilities of women ?The importance of women ?The success of women till now ?The potential and ability of women ?The sacrifices women make in every aspect of life Referen ces Wal-Mart Class Action Gender Discrimination Case Holds,(2012), Myron Curry, retrieved from http://www. usiness-marketing. com/store/article-walmart. html Are Women Discriminated Against at Wal-Mart? , (2012), Dan Ackman, retrieved from http://www. forbes. com/2004/06/23/cx_da_0623topnews. html Wal-Mart, pay your fair share,(2006), Randy Joseph, retrieved from http://www. seattlepi. com/local/opinion/article/Wal-Mart-pay-your-fair-share-1194522. php Female Wal-Mart Employees File New Bias Case, (2011), Andrew Martin, retrieved from http://www. nytimes. com/2011/10/28/business/women-file-new-class-action-bias-case-against-wal-mart. html? _r=0

Exploring Modernism In Architecture Architecture Essay

For my essay on Modernism in architecture I intend to research an designer of the modernist period in order to set up the signifier, doctrine and societal thoughts behind modernism. ‘The term modern architecture is equivocal. It can be understood to mention to all edifices of the modern period regardless of their ideological footing, or it can be understood more specifically as an architecture conscious of its ain modernness and nisus for alteration. ‘ Modern architecture is a class which normally complements edifices of the twentieth and twenty-first century. It would include Bauhaus / International manners ( sometimes used to depict Bauhaus architecture in United States ) and besides brutalism. Modernism was a reaction against eclectic method and the munificent stylistic surpluss of the Art Deco, Art Nouveau and the Victorian ages. However, it is still a affair of gustatory sensation. Even though Bauhaus, a German design school 3 ( Operated from 1919-33 By laminitis Walter Gropius, so by Hans Mayer and Ludwig Mies der Van Rohe ) which had deeply influenced humanistic disciplines and architecture had been more concerned with societal facets of design ; none the lupus erythematosus, International manner shortly became a symbolism of Capitalism. Fig.2 shows an interesting and most celebrated illustration of this International manner. This manner of architecture was reserved chiefly for office blocks, but was besides seen in places built for the rich and celebrated. Fig.2 shows another edifice widely known for its ‘functionalist aesthetic and a chef-d'oeuvre of corporate modernism. ‘4 5 There were many designers who attached their name to this modernistic epoch, some of the best known being Frank Lloyd Wright ( fig.6 ) , Walter Gropius ( fig.5 ) , Le Corbusier ( fig.2 ) and Ludwig Mies der Van Rohe ( fig.3 ) . 6Fig.6 shows Falling H2O which was a genuinely iconic edifice for many. Willard huntington wrights design which was for a residential place was above a waterfall. This edifice portrayed his position of organic architecture. Modern architecture was found to be disputing traditional instructions which were thought to be suited for architectural design and construction. Modernist ‘s interior decorators went on to reason that designers should plan everything which is necessary for society. From every item and furniture in the inside and outsides of edifices and even led to designers planing the most low of edifices. I have looked at the broader definition of modernism along with the innovators who drove this manner. Louis Kahn is the designer I have chosen to analyze in deepness. His positions of modernism are good known through the modern universe of architecture.Louis Kahn7 Itze-Leib Schmuilowsky ( February 20, 1901 or 1902 – March 17, 1974 ) , or more normally known in the universe of architecture as Louis Kahn was an designer who was infused within the International manner. Kahn graduated from the University Of Pennsylvania School Of Fine Arts in 1924. In the late 1930 ‘s Kahn ‘s was working as a adviser to the Philadelphia Housing Authority. His association with modern architecture grew as he worked with Europeans Stonorov and George Howe with whom Kahn designed many wartime lodging undertakings which can be seen in fig.8. From these experiences it gave Kahn a sense of societal duty which was subsequently reflected in his doctrine. 1947 was a twelvemonth where the Kahn started to emerge. His calling had established to a point where he had started a learning calling at Yale University as the Chief Critic in Architectural Design and Professor of Architecture, until 1957. Then at the University of Pennsylvania as Cret Professor of Arc hitecture until his decease lonely decease in a work forces ‘s room lavatory in Pennsylvania Station in New York. Kahn died in deep debt despite his flush calling. 8 Louis Kahn was a review of mainstream modernism ; his work represented the New Monumentality motion which was besides promoted by Siegfried Gieldion, Josep Llios Sert and Kahn ‘s wise man George Howe. Kahn ‘s edifices are improbably precise in their building of topographic points for people. I found some pieces of Kahn ‘s work peculiarly interesting to analyze from a modernistic architectural position. From the list of his most of import plants I have selected a few which I believe to be peculiarly symbolic to this essay. From more than a twelve houses which had been designed by Kahn Esherick House was the most celebrated. I found Esherick house to one of his most fantastic pieces of work which shows us the way which he subsequently followed in. A critique say ‘s: 11 9 ‘aˆÂ ¦The Esherick House is decidedly one of Kahn ‘s most of import plants which defined lessons he ‘d travel on to utilize in ulterior undertakings. ‘ 12 10 By this I believe he means that Kahn was happening his component which he had so travel onto usage in ulterior undertakings. Kahn ‘s calling comprises of a batch of interesting work, nevertheless, Esherick house stands as one of his most of import pieces of work. In the devising of the house the control of visible radiation had been the preoccupation since the start, and he genuinely had achieved harmoniousness through natural visible radiation every bit good as distinguishable manner through the transcendency and geometric item. Kahn ‘s rules of visible radiation, materiality and geometry are clearly seeable here. He starts to enforce his future positions of signifier in elusive features of this house. At a glimpse it is merely concrete and wood which combine to make the frontages and interior infinites. The house features a textured howitzer coating, with keyhole window which are framed with natural Apilong wood placed at irregular intervals on the forepart facade. The floor program is a refined design by Kahn. It is shown to incorporate two symmetrical rectangles which allow structural support and openness. This truly modernistic construction shows how Kahn ‘s work would blossom in ulterior old ages. The Esherick house ‘s pure usage of geometry and abstract signifier reflect his modernistic attack to architecture. Kahns work is much greater dipected in his later and much larger undertakings. The Salk Laboratories which was developed by Dr Jonas Salk, the developer of infantile paralysis vaccinum had intended for a research lab which was non merely someplace for biological research, but a topographic point which you could ‘invite a adult male like Picasso. '13 The stuffs used for this huge undertaking were concrete, wood, marble and he besides used the component of H2O in his design which as the monolithic composite was juxtaposed against the Pacific Ocean was suiting. I found a really fitting description of The Salk research labs: Kahn ‘s usage of order before signifier shows us how he depicted a edifice to be like a perfect being with complexness of usage inside every bit good as on the outside. I found a really interesting quotation mark from Kahn about the Salk laboratories. His doctrine of design shows use the sort of adult male he was and purposes he perused: â€Å" I did non follow the dictates of the scientists, who said that they are so dedicated to what they are making that when lunch period comes all they do is clear off the trial tubing from the benches and eat their tiffin on these benches. I asked them: was it non a strain with all these noises? And they answered: the noises of the iceboxs are awful ; the noises of extractors are awful ; the trickling of the H2O is awful. Everything was awful including the noises of the air-conditioning system. So I would non listen to them as to what should be done. And I realised that there should be a clean air and chromium steel steel country, and a carpet and oak table country. From this realization signifier became. I separated the surveies from the research lab and placed them over gardens. The garden became out-of-door infinites where one can speak. Now one demand non pass all the clip in the research labs. When one knows what to make, there is merely small clip one needs for making it. It is merely when 1 does non cognize what to make that it takes so much clip. And to cognize what to make is the secret of it all. † I deduce from this extract Kahn ‘s cognition and assurance. I see how Kahn believed in a new modern signifier of architecture. He says it as if he already has the ideas and thoughts to transform edifices into styled and ordered infinite. Kahn ‘s readings were apparently much clearer ; he wanted a modern architecture less concerned with aesthetics and what the edifice looks like. He was more intrigued by the infinites of the edifice and how the infinites were being used, and what order this would make for them. He wanted to do infinites which would impact the experiences of those who inhabited those infinites. Salk research lab shows us a design which had preponderantly established the foundational significance ; order of infinite an so the geometries. He used this construction of idea for his designs of all establishments such as Salk laboratories. ‘The concluding version of the Salk research labs brought him to accept a solution in which services were as ‘repressed ‘ or concealed as in any office edifice by Mies Van der Rohe ‘ From this big undertaking he moved onto a following, nevertheless, this one staying unbuilt whilst he was still populating. Jatiyo Sangshad Bhaban in Dhaka, Bangladesh is regarded to be on this is great memorials of international modernism. This edifice was considered as his chef-d'oeuvre of his life-time. Construction of this edifice had stated by 1961 nevertheless due to its huge outrageousness did n't complete building until nine old ages after his decease in 1983 which means it took around 20 old ages to construct. The national assembly edifice was Kahn ‘s most of import piece of work. The infinite was really expansive. The interior country for the Assembly edifice was spilt into 3 subdivisions. The zone in the Centre provides circulation. The chief country or cardinal zone is for the chief assembly. The exterior zone is where the offices and sofas are, besides this is where the entryway to the chief mosque is. In the design we can see how natural visible radiation is a really of import component in this edifice. The edifice seems as if it is entirely for spiritual intents and has a heavy religious genius. â€Å" In the assembly I have introduced a light-giving component to the inside of the program. If you see a series of columns you can state that the pick of columns is a pick in visible radiation. The columns as solids frame the infinites of light. Now think of it merely in contrary and believe that the columns are hollow and much bigger and that their walls can themselves give visible radiation, so the nothingnesss are suites, and the column is the shaper of visible radiation and can take on complex forms and be the protagonist of infinites and give visible radiation to infinites. I am working to develop the component to such an extent that it becomes a poetic entity which has its ain beauty outside of its topographic point in the composing. In this manner it becomes correspondent to the solid column I mentioned supra as a giver of visible radiation. † Here Kahn negotiations about the Bangladesh undertaking. He reiterates the importance of visible radiation in the infinite and his poetic entity which he adds to every design to make a great sense of beauty. In the designing of these three undertakings we can see how Kahn has used his cognition to assist make infinites which execute both signifier and map desirably to the client. Kahn negotiations about how his greater apprehension of what is needed helps him finish his undertaking easy. Kahn negotiations approximately beauty as the great philosopher St Thomas Aquinas did. Aquinas believed that beauty consisted of four ingredients: Integrity, integrity, symmetricalness, and glow. By unity he meant that something is complete on its ain without any being dependent on anything outside it. By integrity he means every portion has a ground and ca n't be taken off without destructing the whole beauty of it. Symmetry mentioning to equilibrate, something ca n't merely alter without a corresponding consequence. This was similar the invariables which had appeared in Kahn ‘s work. The sense of composing, the unity of a edifice fear for stuff, sense of ‘room ‘ , light as the shaper of the construction and architecture of connexion Kahn tried to use these theoretical accounts into all of his undertakings. One even described him as: â€Å" a philosopher among designers † . This is from his every showing doctrine on his work. Basically Kahn saw architecture as being a religious signifier of communicating. He grew a strong relation with each undertaking by using a strong hierarchy with order being the most of import. Kahn was celebrated for being a review of modernism. He found many influential designers of the clip to hold been misjudging the order of their designs. Kahns critue started with him rejecting a ‘free program ‘ ; a construct which Mies new wave der Rohe and Le Corbusier had attached themselves to, along with modernism. Kahn believed that dividing these two constructs of signifier from the construction, would intend the free program as antecedently interpreted by Van de Rohe and Le Corbusier had ‘ opened up a nothingness that could merely be filled with subjective intuition. ‘ Basically Kahn ‘s work did look consistent with that of the broader position of architecture nevertheless, his position of modern architecture was something which was unpredictable and had no regulations to follow or rules to ad ear to. He found that the international manner of modern architecture at the clip which was being used by many designers in America and Europe had been excessively concerned with the signifier and non the map. ‘Kahn was concerned with the things adult male has been looking for since the beginning – and in this he was a fundamentalist – was non interested in the realisation, of something which had already occurred, but in the possibility that something will happen within the wallsaˆÂ ¦ ‘ This tells us that Kahn was more of Prophet than merely a sermonizer. He wanted to alter the positions on architecture and present what he believed to be the necessary status for the presence of architecture. ‘Mies ‘s sensitivites react to imposed structural order with small inspiration, Le Corbusier passes through order impatiently and hastes to organize. ‘ Kahn talked about Mies Van der Rohe and Le Corbusier imperfectness in structural order, and their haste of order leads to an imperfectness in signifier. Kahns order derived from nature and this is reflected in his undertakings. ‘In the nature of infinite is the spirit and the will to be in a certain manner. Design must closely follow that will. ‘ The pure order, signifier and geometry is why Louis Kahn still act upon the universe today. His work straight impacts and inspires signifiers of architecture today such as station modernism and neo positivist. More than this Louis Kahn redefined modernism. He has thrilled looker-ons with his huge doctrine ; nevertheless his frequenters merely appeared in his ulterior old ages. Kahn adapted architecture and had an input as to what we see when we analyse today. He showed us in his huge texts, to every item the visions he had, and how he intended to raise these visions. Predominately we can see that he was floating off from modernism, nevertheless, I have studied how Kahn ‘s vision set modernism into path someplace that it would n't hold been without his influence. â€Å" It was non belief, non design, non pattern, but the kernel from which an establishment could emerge†¦ †

A Study On Take Home Examination Social Policy Essay Essay Example

A Study On Take Home Examination Social Policy Essay Essay Example A Study On Take Home Examination Social Policy Essay Essay A Study On Take Home Examination Social Policy Essay Essay the policy of medical service in Hong Kong is that no one will be denied equal medical attention due to miss of agencies . This policy patterns the construct of public assistance rights that everyone has the equal chance to hold the medical service even the 1 who lives in poorness. Universalism Principle Under the universalism rule, all citizens can acquire the Ambulance Services ( 2003 ) on the equal footing, including Emergency Ambulance Service ( EAS ) and Non-Emergency Ambulance Transfer Service ( NEATS ) . ESA is provided for individuals whose conditions require immediate pre-hospital intervention and transportation to a infirmary for prompt medical attending . The NEATS is provided for patients who require conveyance service to / from medical establishment . Besides, all citizens can travel to the local public infirmaries and establishments and acquire the medical service on the equal footing, including Accident A ; Emergency ( A A ; E ) Services, Specialist Clinics, In-patient and Out-patient Services. However, citizens need to pay for those services. The A A ; E Services, Specialist Clinics and the In-patient Services cost $ 100 per clip, and the Out-patient Services cost $ 45 per clip. The A A ; E Services demand to be charged because the Government hopes people will non misapply the services. However, the hapless patients who are non the Comprehensive Social Security Assistance ( CSSA ) receivers may be excluded. Although the CSSA receivers can be remitted the charge, it is unjust for the hapless patients who are non CSSA receivers and have the exigency illnesses, particularly the seniors who rely on their ain salvaging merely. Besides, the Government launched the Elderly Health Care Voucher Pilot Scheme ( HCVS ) ( 2008 ) in the 2008-09 fiscal twelvemonth for three old ages to supply five wellness attention verifiers of $ 50 each to seniors aged 70 or above yearly to partly subsidize their usage of private primary health care ( PHC ) services . Selectivism Principle Under the selectivism rule, because of the medical fee relinquishing mechanism, CSSA receivers and the vulnerable groups are waived from payment of public wellness attention disbursals when they meet certain fiscal and societal standards. Besides, there are three types of people who are non CSSA receivers, besides can relinquish from payment of public wellness attention disbursals, including low-income group, the aged patients with small income or assets and people with chronic unwellnesss. Contributory/Social Insurance Principle Under the contributory/social insurance rule, in the Consultation Document on Healthcare Reform ( 2008 ) , the Government suggests six different proposals to supply auxiliary funding for health care, including societal wellness insurance, out-of-pocket payments ( user fees ) , medical nest eggs histories, voluntary private wellness insurance, compulsory private wellness insurance and personal health care modesty. Although there is no mainstream consensus has yet been reached in the community on the debut of auxiliary funding and the option to be adopted, the Government can analyse the pros and cons of the six different proposals, particularly the societal values they represent, including the equity of entree to healthcare, pooling and sharing of health care hazard, re-distribution of wealth and fiscal stableness and sustainability in order to protect all citizens wellbeing. Conditionality Principle Under the conditionality rule, there is the Samaritan Fund managed by the Hospital Authority in order to supply fiscal aid to destitute patients who requires designated Privately Purchase Medical Items or new engineerings in the class of medical intervention which are non covered in hospital care or out-patient audience fees in public infirmaries and clinics. Decision The study of Strategic Service Plan 2009-2012 from the Hospital Authority ( 2009 ) named Helping Peoples Stay Healthy . It shows that the entire population of Hong Kong will increase from 7 million to around 7.5 million in 2016. Presently at around 870,000 and stand foring 12.6 % of the population, people aged 65 and above will increase by 30 % to 1.13 million in 2016. Besides, people are populating longer than of all time. Our life anticipations will farther increase to 86.3 and 80.6 old ages severally in 2016. Therefore, it is recognized that people require more healthcare services in old age. For illustration, the Government will better community attention for aged and inveterate sick patients and empower patients on self-care. I hope that the Government can go on supplying the cosmopolitan medical services and the just system that payments are pegged with affordability and all occupants have equal chances to medical services. Besides, the Government should guarantee patients ri ght of pick in public and private medical services. Besides, the occupants wellbeing should be alerted when get downing the Healthcare Reform in the hereafter. Social wellness insurance is to guarantee that every occupant can obtain appropriate medical services as its coverage is cosmopolitan and the medical outgo is paid by parts from all, including the healthy and the sick, the wealthy and the hapless in order to portion wellness hazards. Question 4: The Concept of Welfare Mix Powell ( 2007 ) stated the assorted economic system of public assistance ( MEW ) or welfare pluralism ( WP ) is a critical, but comparatively, portion of societal policy. In the descriptive sense, Beresford and Croft ( 1983 ) pointed out that there are four constituents of MEW. The normative sense suggested a alteration to the mix such as rolling back the province . Besides, Rose and Shiratori ( 1986 ) argued that total public assistance is the amount of province, market, voluntary and informal beginnings. Furthermore, Mishra ( 1990, pp. 110-114 ) claimed that a focal point on total public assistance is non merely the sum of parts . The constituents can non merely be regarded as functionally equivalents ( p. 110 ) . Powell pointed out the normative usage of MEW showed that different public assistance political orientations favour different public assistance mixes. The political left affected the function of the province becomes larger in public assistance as merely the province can guarantee that public assistance benefits and services are reasonably distributed to all citizens. If there were a big function for the commercial, voluntary and informal sectors, inequality would be appeared. In a descriptive sense, harmonizing to Lewis ( 1995, p. 3 ) , it is more accurate to see Britain as ever holding had a assorted economic system of public assistance, in which the volunteer sector, the household and the market have played different parts at different times. On the other manus, Richard Titmuss developed the societal division of public assistance in a talk in 1956. After that, Titmuss ( 1958 ) pointed out that public assistance was delivered by financial and occupational mechanisms in add-on to the more familiar social services . First, statutory public assistance refers to publically provided goods and services. Second, occupational public assistance is related to people s businesss and besides termed fringe benefits or corporate public assistance. Third, financial public assistance refers to costs or benefits delivered through the revenue enhancement system. Using the Concept of Welfare Mix in the Retirement Protection in Hong Kong In the State Welfare, The Mandatory Provident Fund Schemes Authority ( MPFA ) ( 2006 ) pointed out that Hong Kong has a quickly ageing population. In 2004, the proportion of the population over the age of 65 was about 12 % , but by 2033 this is projected to lift to 27 % . The figure of working age grownups for each individual over 65 will drop from around six now to shut to two by 2033. This means the working population will hold a larger figure of retired persons to back up in the hereafter. Get downing from the 1960s, the argument for a suited retirement protection system in Hong Kong has gone on. Three different systems, including in private managed provident financess, a cardinal provident fund and a pay-as-you-go type of benefit system were proposed. In 1994, the World Bank published the study Averting the Old-Age Crisis: Policies to Protect the Old and Promote Growth , in which a three-pillar attack to protection for the elderly was put frontward. The three pillars included a publically managed, tax-financed societal safety cyberspace ; a mandatary, in private managed, to the full funded part strategy and voluntary personal nest eggs and insurance. The MPF System in Hong Kong was designed to organize the 2nd pillar of this attack for retirement protection. The Compulsory Provident Fund Schemes Ordinance ( MPFSO ) was enacted in 1995 and the MPF System was launched in December 2000. For both employees and employers will besides be required to lend 5 % of the employe es relevant income to the MPF strategy. The MPF strategy was designed by the Government ( State Welfare ) who has the high ordinance that the MPFA applies a figure of enforcement steps against non-compliant employers who are found to hold evaded payment of MPF parts, deducted employer parts from an employee s wage or non inscribe their employees in any MPF strategies. At the same clip, different Bankss or insurance companies ( Market Welfare ) take the function of proviso that helps the employees to make up ones mind on their ain investing portfolios. However, there are some restrictions of the MPF strategy. First, the domestic employees, freelance peddlers, homemakers and other people who are non in the labour market can non fall in the MPF strategy in order to acquire the retirement protection. Second, there is the direct proportion between the retirement protection and the income from the employees, so the redistribution of public assistance can non be appeared and the low-income people s retirement protection will be damaged. Third, the employers can countervail rupture payment ( SP ) and long service payment ( LSP ) as required under the Employment Ordinance ( EO ) by the accumulated benefits derived from parts you have made to the employee in the MPF strategy, so the employees who are in occupation insecurity can non acquire the adequate retirement protection. Because of the restrictions of the MPF strategy, citizens need to protect personal support of retirement through other methods. For illustration, people can acquire the Comprehensive Social Security Assistance ( CSSA ) provided by the Social Welfare Department ( SWD ) under the State Welfare, merchandises of retirement planning provided by Bankss or insurance companies under the Market Welfare, the exigency alleviation fund, chronic unwellnesss relief fund or nutrient bank operated by the non-governmental organisations ( NGOs ) under the voluntary public assistance and household support or personal economy under the informal public assistance. Decision and Suggestion Under the Policy Address in 1997, A Sense of Security, A Sense of Belonging and A Feeling of Worthiness for the Elderly is the chief policy of aged attention. However, it seems that the MPF strategy and other retirement protections can non wholly make the policy of A Sense of Security . The Joint Alliance for Universal Retirement Protection ( 2004 ) is an confederation that aims to contend for the cosmopolitan retirement protection. I agree with the rules of the confederation in which every aged should hold the human rights ( e.g. the right to life, lodging right and medical right ) and be prevented poorness. At the same clip, the current protection of all societal category of the aged provided by the Government will non be damaged even get downing the new retirement protection. I hope that there will hold the cosmopolitan retirement protection in the hereafter in order to protect all citizens wellbeing when confronting the ripening of population in Hong Kong. Mentions: Senior Citizen Home Safety Association. ( 2009, 2009 ) . About The PE Link Service. Retrieved 2009-12-12, from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.schsa.org.hk/eng/service/pel.html Hospital Authority. ( 2008, 2008-9 ) . Waiving Mechanism of Public Hospitals ( Information Leaflet ) . Retrieved 2009-12-12, from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ha.org.hk/visitor/ha_visitor_index.asp? Parent_ID=349 A ; Content_ID=122630 A ; Dimension=100 A ; Lang=ENG Hospital Authority. ( 2009, 2009 ) . Strategic Service Plan 2009-2012. Retrieved 2009-12-12, from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ha.org.hk/visitor/ha_visitor_index.asp? Parent_ID=100 A ; Content_ID=138773 A ; Dimension=100 A ; Lang=ENG Compulsory Provident Fund Schemes Authority. ( 2006, 2006 ) . About the MPF System: Background. Retrieved 2009-12-12, from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.mpfa.org.hk/english/abt_mpfs/abt_mpfs_bgd/abt_mpfs_bgd.html Beresford, P. , A ; Croft, S. ( 1983 ) . Welfare pluralism: the new face of Fabianism. Critical Social Policy, 3 ( 9 ) , 19. Food and Health Bureau. ( 2008, 2008-3 ) . Consultation Document on Healthcare Reform. Retrieved 2009-12-12, from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.fhb.gov.hk/beStrong/files/consultation/exsummary_eng.pdf Fire Services Department. ( 2003, 2009-10-15 ) . Ambulance Services in Hong Kong. Retrieved 2009-12-12, from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.hkfsd.gov.hk/home/eng/source/safety/Ambulance_Services_in_HK.pdf Dwyer, P. ( 2004 ) . Understanding societal citizenship: subjects and positions for policy and pattern: Policy Press. Lewis, J. ( 1995 ) . The voluntary sector, the province and societal work in Britain: Elgar. Mishra, R. ( 1990 ) . The public assistance province in capitalist society: policies of retrenchment and care in Europe, North America and Australia: Harvester Wheatsheaf. Powell, M. ( 2007 ) . Understanding the assorted economic system of public assistance: Policy Pr. Joint Alliance for Universal Retirement Protection. ( 2004, 2009 ) . Introduction of the Alliance. Retrieved 2009-12-12, from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.pensionforall.org.hk/html/intro.php Rose, R. , Shiratori, R. , Allardt, E. , A ; Sogo, K. ( 1986 ) . The public assistance province E and West: Oxford University Press. Titmuss, R. ( 1958 ) . Essays onthe Welfare State Printed Resource. London: Allen A ; Unwin, 1958. Health Care Voucher. ( 2008, 2009-11-27 ) . Health Care Voucher. Retrieved 2009-12-12, from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.hcv.gov.hk/eng/pub_background.htm